Wandellic/Reddit/2
e o > i u i u > e o / _{r x xʷ w (kw? gw? ŋKw?)} ē₁ ē₂ > e: (cf: Geilimer < *gejlimēris < *gailamērijaz) u i? > [+long] / _# (-u > -uwą > -uw > -ū > -u) V[+short] > Ø / _# V > [-long] / _# (fehu gets preserved with -u in Gothic) ǭ > u / _# (Valilu < *Wal-ilǭ) ô > ā? / _# (dagila < *dagilā < *dag-ilô) -ē > -ī? /_# ## (inconclusive; internal genitive plurals are written <-i> ## but that could just as well have been a sufficiently high /e/ ## to have confused Latin speakers) ija ja a u i > i: i Ø u i / C_z# a > Ø / _C# uw > u: / _C, _# ij > i: / _C, _# w > u̯ / _C (Iuilateus < *Julijaþeus < *Julija-þewaz) j > i̯ / _C o: > u: / #C(CC)_ (Blumarith < *blūmā-rīþs < *blōmô-rēdaz) e: > i: / #C(CC)_ (Geisirith < *gejsē-rīþs < *gaizê-rēdaz) [dubious, re: -ê, as above] e: o: > e: o: ? (in all other environments?) ## Sometimes, unstressed *ē remains; in names with ## suffixed *-rēdaz at least, as Gunthimer < *Gunþēmērs? ## It is possible that Vandalic had /ī ē ej/ for quite a while, ## and then that the chain shift ej>ē>ī happened. This part needs polish ai au > ej ou (distinguished from the preserved /e: o:/?) ê > e: (see below) ô > o: (distinguished from *au>ou?) ôi > ai / _# (diphthongal) b d ɡ ɡʷ > β ð ɣ ɣʷ β ð ɣ ɣʷ > b d ɡ ɡʷ / #_, C_V β ð ɣ ɣʷ z > ɸ θ x xʷ s / _# ww jj > ɡɡʷ ɟɟ / V̌_ (Trigari < triggwaharis < *triwwaharjaz) ww jj > ww jj / V̄_, VV_ (Trioua? *triuw-??) Vn > V[+nasal] / _# (dubious: "scapia, matzia ia drincan" seems to allude to this, and we have no other examples) h > Ø / #_ (dubious, but more than unlikely: "eils" and "Trigari" seem to show that a #h- might have been lost) ## It isn't likely that internal -h- was dropped, and we have little to show for word-internal ## loss of -h-; this likely means that "fehu" was preserved intact
<hl>
Chronologically ordered: Ø > ʔ / #_V (obligatory Germanic onset) ē₁ ē₂ > ē (merger of ē₂ into ē₁, indicative of East Germanic) ō[-nasal] > ɔ̄ / _# (lowering of non-nasal word-final ō) ǭ > ų̄ / _# (raising of nasal word-final ō to ū) Vn > V[+long +nasal] / _{x xʷ} (assimilation of -Vnx- to -Ṽ:x- common to all Germanic languages) e o > i u / [+stressed] i u > e o / _{r x xʷ w} (merger of eo/iu and further differentiation) e o i u > i u e o / *sporadic* (restoration of patterns, grammaticalisation etc.) e eu > i iu / _C(C)i, _(C)(C)j (Germanic regressive vowel harmony) iu ai au > io ei ou (diphthong reordering) V[+nasal] > [-nasal] (loss of phonemic nasalisation) ww jj > ggʷ ɟɟ (fortification of glide geminates, shared with Gothic and Norse) Cʷ > Cw (breaking up of labiovelars) i u > ī ū / _# (apparently lengthened before final vowel reduction) ī ū > i u / in particles, prepositions etc. V[+short] > Ø / _#, not in particles, prepositions, monosyllables etc. ī ō ū > i a u / _#, not in particles, prepositions, monosyllables etc. ê ô > ē ā / _# ei ou ôi ôu > ē ō āi āu / _# j w > i u / C_# (revocalisation of reduced neuter syllables) ij > ī / _# (heavy neuter ja-stems) uw > ū / _# (reduced *-uwą) ija ja a u i > ī i Ø u i / C_z# Ø > {i u} / C_z# (sporadic epenthetic vowel insertion in nominatives ending in unphonological codas) Cw > Cʷ (reformation of labiovelars) ei ou > ɛ̄ ɔ̄ / [+stressed] *sporadic* ē ō > ī ū / CC(C)_, [+stressed] !{r x xʷ w}_ *sporadic* ī ū > ē ō / !ʔ_, [+stressed] *sporadic* p t k kʷ > [pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ] / !s_ b d ɡ ɡʷ > [β ð ɣ ɣʷ] β ð ɣ ɣʷ > [b d ɡ ɡʷ] / #_, N_, l_, sporadically r_ (fortification of initial and post-sonorant continuants) b d g gʷ β ð ɣ ɣʷ z > [p t k kʷ ɸ θ x xʷ s] / _# (word-final devoicing of obstruents) C[αVoice, +obstruent] > C[βVoice] / _C[βVoice, +obstruent] (voicing harmonisation of obstruents) x xʷ > h hʷ / #_V (debuccalisation of initial x) h > ʔ ~ Ø / *sporadic* (weakening of debuccalised x) Ø > ʔ / V_V (breaking up of vowel hiatuses, even in inflected words like «theus» — doesn't apply to diphthongs) tj dj > tsj dzj (weak affrication of alveolar plosives) i u > e o / _{z ts dz} *sporadic* n > m / _C[+labial] m n > ŋ / _C[+velar] (nasal assimilation in POA) m > n / _C[+coronal]C (sands, samdōs) ɸ θ x xʷ hʷ kʷ ɡʷ ɡɡʷ ɟɟ w β ð ɣ ɣʷ b d ɡ mp# nt# ŋk# ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ ŋ > f th h hw hw kw gw ggw ggj v b d g gw b d g mb nd ng Ø~h (etymological) p t k kw n