Wandellic/Reddit/2

Aus Kurašara
   e o > i u
   i u > e o / _{r x xʷ w (kw? gw? ŋKw?)}
   
   ē₁ ē₂ > e: (cf: Geilimer < *gejlimēris < *gailamērijaz)
   
   u i? > [+long] / _# (-u > -uwą > -uw > -ū > -u)
   V[+short] > Ø / _#
   V > [-long] / _# (fehu gets preserved with -u in Gothic)
   
   ǭ > u / _# (Valilu < *Wal-ilǭ)
   ô > ā? / _# (dagila < *dagilā < *dag-ilô)
   -ē > -ī? /_# 
                  ## (inconclusive; internal genitive plurals are written <-i> 
                  ## but that could just as well have been a sufficiently high /e/
                  ## to have confused Latin speakers)
   
   ija ja a u i > i: i Ø u i / C_z#
   a > Ø / _C#
   uw > u: / _C, _#
   ij > i: / _C, _#
   w > u̯ / _C (Iuilateus < *Julijaþeus < *Julija-þewaz)
   j > i̯  / _C
   
   o: > u: / #C(CC)_ (Blumarith < *blūmā-rīþs < *blōmô-rēdaz)
   e: > i: / #C(CC)_ (Geisirith < *gejsē-rīþs < *gaizê-rēdaz) [dubious, re: -ê, as above]
   
   e: o: > e: o: ? (in all other environments?)
                  ## Sometimes, unstressed *ē remains; in names with 
                  ## suffixed *-rēdaz at least, as Gunthimer < *Gunþēmērs?
                  ## It is possible that Vandalic had /ī ē ej/ for quite a while,
                  ## and then that the chain shift ej>ē>ī happened. This part needs polish
   
   ai au > ej ou (distinguished from the preserved /e: o:/?)
   
   ê > e: (see below)
   ô > o: (distinguished from *au>ou?)
   ôi > ai / _# (diphthongal)
   
   b d ɡ ɡʷ > β ð ɣ ɣʷ
   β ð ɣ ɣʷ > b d ɡ ɡʷ / #_, C_V
   β ð ɣ ɣʷ z > ɸ θ x xʷ s / _#
   
   ww jj > ɡɡʷ ɟɟ / V̌_ (Trigari < triggwaharis < *triwwaharjaz)
   ww jj > ww jj / V̄_, VV_  (Trioua? *triuw-??)
   
   Vn > V[+nasal] / _# (dubious: "scapia, matzia ia drincan" seems to allude to this, and we have no other examples)
   h > Ø / #_ (dubious, but more than unlikely: "eils" and "Trigari" seem to show that a #h- might have been lost)
                  ## It isn't likely that internal -h- was dropped, and we have little to show for word-internal
                  ## loss of -h-; this likely means that "fehu" was preserved intact

<hl>

   Chronologically ordered:
   
   Ø > ʔ / #_V (obligatory Germanic onset)
   
   ē₁ ē₂ > ē (merger of ē₂ into ē₁, indicative of East Germanic)
   ō[-nasal] > ɔ̄ / _# (lowering of non-nasal word-final ō)
   ǭ > ų̄ / _# (raising of nasal word-final ō to ū)
   Vn > V[+long +nasal] / _{x xʷ} (assimilation of -Vnx- to -Ṽ:x- common to all Germanic languages)
   
   e o > i u / [+stressed]
   i u > e o / _{r x xʷ w} (merger of eo/iu and further differentiation)
   e o i u > i u e o / *sporadic* (restoration of patterns, grammaticalisation etc.)
   e eu > i iu / _C(C)i, _(C)(C)j (Germanic regressive vowel harmony)
   iu ai au > io ei ou (diphthong reordering)
   
   V[+nasal] > [-nasal] (loss of phonemic nasalisation)
   
   ww jj > ggʷ ɟɟ (fortification of glide geminates, shared with Gothic and Norse)
   
   Cʷ > Cw (breaking up of labiovelars)
   
   i u > ī ū / _# (apparently lengthened before final vowel reduction)
   ī ū > i u / in particles, prepositions etc.
   V[+short] > Ø / _#, not in particles, prepositions, monosyllables etc.
   ī ō ū > i a u / _#, not in particles, prepositions, monosyllables etc.
   ê ô > ē ā / _#
   ei ou ôi ôu > ē ō āi āu / _#
   j w > i u / C_# (revocalisation of reduced neuter syllables)
   ij > ī / _# (heavy neuter ja-stems)
   uw > ū / _# (reduced *-uwą)
   ija ja a u i > ī i Ø u i / C_z#
   Ø > {i u} / C_z# (sporadic epenthetic vowel insertion in nominatives ending in unphonological codas)
   
   Cw > Cʷ (reformation of labiovelars)
   
   ei ou > ɛ̄ ɔ̄ / [+stressed] *sporadic*
   ē ō > ī ū / CC(C)_, [+stressed] !{r x xʷ w}_ *sporadic*
   ī ū > ē ō / !ʔ_, [+stressed] *sporadic*
   
   p t k kʷ > [pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ] / !s_
   b d ɡ ɡʷ > [β ð ɣ ɣʷ]
   β ð ɣ ɣʷ > [b d ɡ ɡʷ] / #_, N_, l_, sporadically r_ (fortification of initial and post-sonorant continuants)
   b d g gʷ β ð ɣ ɣʷ z > [p t k kʷ ɸ θ x xʷ s] / _# (word-final devoicing of obstruents)
   C[αVoice, +obstruent] > C[βVoice] / _C[βVoice, +obstruent] (voicing harmonisation of obstruents)
   x xʷ > h hʷ / #_V (debuccalisation of initial x)
   h > ʔ ~ Ø / *sporadic* (weakening of debuccalised x)
   Ø > ʔ / V_V (breaking up of vowel hiatuses, even in inflected words like «theus» — doesn't apply to diphthongs)
   
   tj dj > tsj dzj (weak affrication of alveolar plosives)
   i u > e o / _{z ts dz} *sporadic*
   
   n > m / _C[+labial]
   m n > ŋ / _C[+velar] (nasal assimilation in POA)
   m > n / _C[+coronal]C (sands, samdōs)
        
   ɸ θ x xʷ hʷ kʷ ɡʷ ɡɡʷ ɟɟ w β ð ɣ ɣʷ b d ɡ mp# nt# ŋk# ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ ŋ > f th h hw hw kw gw ggw ggj v b d g gw b d g mb nd ng Ø~h (etymological) p t k kw n